To achieve the overall objective of the China's Action Plan for Reducing and Preventing the Spread of HIV/AIDS (2006-2010), the Chinese government strengthened leadership in the prevention and control of the HIV epidemic, developed comprehensive prevention, treatment, care and support initiatives, and monitored on-going progress. This report, prepared by State Council AIDS Working Committee Office and the United Nations Theme Group on AIDS, covers the epidemic situation and the response since 2006, and identifies the ongoing challenges from which recommendations for future guidance are formulated.