In China, HIV prevalence among the general population is 0.06%, with the number of infections continuing to increase [5]. At the end of 2009, an estimated 740,000 adults and children were living with HIV (range 560,000‐920,000) and another 105,000 had AIDS [5]. Although infections have been reported in all 31 provinces, it is estimated that 80% of people living with HIV reside in rural areas [1]. The number of new HIV cases was estimated at 48,000 in 2009. Overall, China is still experiencing a low‐prevalence, yet growing epidemic, with some key regions experiencing high‐prevalence epidemics [5]. In the late 1990s, thousands of people were infected with HIV, mainly through unsafe blood handling and injection drug use. Figure 1 shows the increase in epidemiological indicators between 2001 and 2007 [50]. Among the 48,000 new infections estimated for 2009, heterosexual transmission accounted for 42.2% and homosexual transmission 32.5% of cases [5]. Overall, China is still experiencing a low‐prevalence epidemic, with some key regions experiencing high prevalence epidemics. However, the epidemic has already started to spread from key populations at higher risk to the general population.